The Low Protein Issue
The Problem...
Despite Minnesota's favorable environment for producing strong yields, that same environment is responsible for lower than average protein levels. According to Daryl Hexum, University of Minnesota Soybean Protein Specialist, Minnesota Soybeans are approximately 1-2% lower in protein than states to our south and east, resulting in a reduced value to U.S. crushers of 9 cents per bushel. Minnesota soybeans, as a result, are discriminated against in the world market because soybeans from other states can be more efficiently processed into high protein soybean meal.
The Cause...
Biologically, seed protein is impacted most by our cool soils and temperatures, but low protein can be exacerbated by higher yields. Selection for higher yields by breeders (in the absence of selection for protein level) results in lower protein due to a negative relationship between yield and protein.
The Quandary...
Soybean varieties with higher protein levels exist, but individual producers have little incentive to plant high protein varieties if there is a yield penalty. (Producers are paid for the number of bushels they bring to market, not the level of protein.)
The Solution...
Fortunately there ARE a number of varieties in each zone of Minnesota that not only have above-average protein levels, but high yield potential as well. By selecting THESE varieties for planting over enough acres, producers can effectively increase the value of the overall Minnesota crop to the world market. Minnesota soybean farmers must begin to request, buy and plant varieties with both high yield and high protein potential.
Ultimately, producer-purchasing habits, coupled with processor programs offering premiums for higher protein soybeans, will have the de3sired effect of convincing commercial soybean breeders of the importance of selection for higher protein in northern soybeans. In turn, the resulting overall increase in protein level will go a long way towards increasing the overall value of Minnesota's soybean crop and make us more competitive in the world marketplace.
The Contact...
To find out which varieties have been designated "Winners & Losers" visit the University of Minnesota web site.
Daryl Hexum, Soybean Protein Specialist at the U of M, can also be contacted at 612-625-0210 or by e-mail at hexum002@tc.umn.edu
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